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Phases of the French Revolution essays

Phases of the French Revolution essays The French Revolution, which took place from 1789 to 1799, was an accumulation of two different revolutions, or two different stages of the revolution. The first stage, from 1789 until early 1792, dealt with liberty, and new ideas and policies for government. The second stage, from later 1792 until 1799, dealt with democracy and the cry for equality for all. Both stages succeeded in some ways, and failed in others, leading to the French Revolution itself to be both a success and a failure. From 1789 until 1799, liberty was what the masses were after: the liberty to compete, to own, and to succeed. The creation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen is a perfect example of what the masses were after. The key word is, of course, masses. The Third-Estate long felt that it was time they were heard and taken seriously. The first phase of the revolution became the battleground of the Third-Estate versus anyone with substantial power. The call for liberty spread into all aspects of a Frenchmans life, the peasantry, aristocracy, and the clergy were all affected. The first phase of the revolution was mainly about discovering new ideas, mostly on the political spectrum. France slowly began to take steps towards democracy, starting with stripping the clergy of their power, condemning the ruling family, abolishing absolute monarchy and writing the Constitution of 1791. The first phase can be viewed as both successful and unsuccessful. The constitution that was set up in 1791 failed, and when it ended the hope of many liberals disappeared as well. However, the good that came out of the first phase can be seen easily. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, and then later the one written for women, both exemplify the changes that were made during the first phase of the French Revolution. People everywhere began thinking differently, and politics became a much talked about subject by all class levels. The f...

Supply chain information management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Supply chain information management - Essay Example In the initial stage, distinctive procurement strategy of the company relied on three principles such as, maintain optimal amount of inventories such as books, rely on local wholesalers such as Ingram Book Company and also take help of the selected wholesalers to design and source the electronic catalogue of the book. For example, during late 1990s, Amazon maintained only 5% inventory level of its total order in its relatively small warehouses. Rest of the 95% of orders were sourced after receiving orders from customers. In such situations, Amazon quickly submits the purchase order to wholesaler for the book title which was not included in its own inventory. After receiving the purchase order from Amazon, wholesaler quickly sent the shipments and the shipment had arrived within 2-3days (Hammond 2005). In later years, when the volume of order had increased, Amazon established tie ups with book publisher to get better discount on shipment (48% on selling price) in contrast to discount rate (41% on selling price) by wholesaler (Hammond 2005). ... ater to the growing demand for books, e-books in cost and time efficient manner and another important thing was that, Amazon had realized the potential of online selling after witnessing the success of competitor eBay. After realizing the potential of selling in white space, Amazon transformed its business model in order to change the service-profit equation and offer superior value proposition to customers. The company included all sorts of easily shippable consumer goods along with books in its service portfolio in order to increase choice for customers and revenue margin by selling these items. Then Amazon started offering commission-based brokerage service to participants in online auction and also included third-party sellers in their value proposition list (Johnson 2010). Amazon has created a virtual market place in its website, where buyers and sellers can meet and bid for a particular while Amazon earns the brokerage from the participants in the online bidding process. Hence it can be said that, Amazon has transformed itself from direct sales company to a company which is able to provide sales and service in simultaneous manner. During late 2007, Amazon has enhanced the potentiality of its web service platform and offered Lab126 which was basically Kindle e-book reader. At that time, the concept of e-book was relatively new among customers and players in publishing industry but such obstacles never haltered the growth Lab126 platform. Amazon had created a seamlessly integrated iTunes like online platform for readers to subscribe, read and transact e-books which was widely successful. It is evident from the business model transformation of Amazon that the company never hesitated to take risk to launch innovative and high-margin offerings and created market for

Mobile health applications Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mobile health applications - Dissertation Example Because of its potential, policymakers should better comprehend how information technology is spreading across suppliers, whether act to spur more adoption is required, and thus, what steps may be engaged. This has been included to increase understanding of the current state in the health care industry (Kinkade & Verclas, 2008, p. 31). Information & communications technology have been widely used in many Western countries to improve many aspects of healthcare, such as expert diagnostic systems, online patient records, digital medical information systems to name just a few. Many of these technologies are expensive and involve specialist hardware and services, making them generally used in the developed world. Universal ownership of a much less expensive, generally available device, the mobile phone, has provoked a lot of new ideas about the potential for this technology in developing countries (Kinkade & Verclas, 2008, p. 31). The use of mobile phones has grown at a high rate over the past few years. As such, it has been an essential tool for current human lifestyles. Society has embraced mobile technology into many of its daily activities including banking, health and even in the management of their daily activities. Mobile health has developed through mobile technology promoting what is called m health or m-health in the healthcare sector (Hoyt & Yoshihashi, 2009, p. 20). The world is constantly moving due to technological advancements. The widespread application of information technology led to the mobility of people, which is not only limited to the physical movement and displacement, but it covers virtual activity. Technology bridges the geographic gaps of individuals across the world to maintain and improve communication. Communication has been the centre of the world’s evolution because experts continue to develop systems that would make interaction easy and accessible. IT has been widely used in the field of business due to its proven benefits in enhancing customer satisfaction. Similarly, medical institutions aim to improve patient care through the use of mobile phones. With the extensive use of mobile technology, patient and doctors have established a relationship; hence, it enhances health care quality (Hoyt & Yoshihashi, 2009, p. 20). Mobile health is the new method of interacting with patients. M-Health is defined as a â€Å"service or application that involves voice or data communication for health purposes between a central point and remote locations† (Freng, et al., 2011, p.5). Mobile health Mobile technology is vital in this research since it has the potential to transform healthcare in developing countries, mostly in the area of health consciousness schemes and training health care workers. Mobile phones are inexpensive to the inhabitants at large, making them more obtainable than computers. They are also cost effectual than hospital beds. Mobile phone applications in healthcare are a relatively new field an d some of the literature is very keen about the possibilities that this opens up. Audie et al (2011, p. 34) have suggested that M-Health apps are â€Å"the killer application for cyber-infrastructure for health in the 21st century† –just as the invention of electric light was in the C19th. They go on to say that the enormous growth of electronic and medical health records and bioinformatics together with

Reading response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Reading response - Assignment Example The pictures tell without words the journey he went through in his administration as the president. Per se, the images support the viewpoint that the history will look back and determine what could have been done better. The images also tend to describe certain mistakes that were made in a better and accepted manner than words. For example, the image where the words ‘mission accomplished’ did not convey the actual message that was intended. Consequently, it depicts the mistakes done during his leadership but offers a room for correction in the future (Ammon, Bette & Gale 50). Most of the images and photographs serve a greater purpose creating an identity of who we are and always reminding us of what we are supposed to be. The images also depict how we are perceived (Ammon, Bette & Gale 51). The images indicate that president bush had his way of doing things. President Bush always did what he thought was right and honorable. In conclusion, the images show that everyone is entitled to have or express his or her opinion in the United

Meaning, form and use: The past

Meaning, form and use: The past The role of grammar in English language teaching For many teachers, grammar plays a central role in their classroom methodology. However, in 1980s there was an anti-grammar movement which was influenced from the idea of Krashen that grammar can be acquired naturally from meaningful input and opportunity to interact in the classroom: in other words, the grammartical competence can be developed in a fluency-oriented environment without conscious focus on language forms. For Hymes, said that rules of use without which the ruled of grammar would be useless. Just as rules of syntax can control aspects of phonology, and just as rules of semantics perhaps control aspects of syntax, so rules of speech acts enter as a controlling factor for linguistic form as a whole ( Hymes 1972 : 278 ) From his suggestion, the grammar is one of the most important factors in language teaching and learning, especially it is the communicative element to communicative language ability. The components of communicative language ability are linguistic competence, pragmatic competence, discourse competence strategic competence and fluency. The linguistics competence is composed from a knowledge of spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary, grammatical structure and linguistic semantics. Meaning, form and use : The past Course description This course is involved the past tense which refers to the meaning of the tense, the form of the tense and the use of the tense. The learners must know the rules of the tense and can form the patterns of the tense and can use it correctly. The learners are able to apply the tense in the real situations. Content The past tense is divided into 3 categories which are: Past simple tense past continuous tense Past perfect tense Past perfect continuous tense The four types have their own forms, meanings and uses. Past Simple is used to indicate the actions which already happened in the past and finished at the specific time in the past. The actions might be long or short. And there are some kinds of rules should be remembered about this tense : regular verb , irregular verbs, questions and negative sentences. Past Continuous is used to describe the past actions in progress. Past Perfect is used to talk about the situations which begin in the past and continue to the period of time in the past and then finish at the time. The Model of teaching grammar: the PPP model There are 3 stages to teach grammar: presentation, practice and production. The first stage is presentation. These are some kinds of activities of teachers to apply in their teaching, for example, the teachers present new language in context so that meaning is clear. The teachers may present the new form in a natural spoken or written text so that students can see its use in discourse. Then, he/ she links the new form to what students already know. Next, he/ she checks comprehension. The teacher elicits the form from students where possible and exploit their existing knowledge. The second stage is practice. The teacher helps the students memorize the form and produce the word order. Then, he/she give intensive practice through repetition and provide opportunities for feedback and error correction. Next, the teacher develop confidence of the students. The last stage is production. The teacher reduces control and encourage students to find out what they can do. Then, the teacher encourage the students to use the forms in expressing their own content and teacher helps students see the usefulness of what they have learned and then to check what has been learned and diagnose problems. Example of the lesson plan This is a good example of the lesson plan which is a very interesting one and can help all language teacher to teach and try new way to teach grammar through narrative. Narratives in the Simple Past Teacher: Catherine Eslinger Class: Linguistics 577 Date of Explanation: October 14th, 1997 Proficiency Level: Beginning Age of Learners: High School Age and Above Objectives: Students will be able to compliment others past actions. Students will be able to describe actions in the past using the simple past tense. Students will be able to understand and recognize the simple past forms in a folktale. They will be able to supply some of these forms when asked. Materials Required: A simple folk tale, colored markers, 1117 paper, a personal photograph, photographs that students have brought from home. Warm up/Review: Model giving compliments in the present tense, which students have recently studied. Give several examples and write them on the board, such as I like your smile and I like the way you read aloud. Have students move around the room giving compliments to each other, following this model (in addition to listening to Students as they practice, give class members compliments). Presentation Practice Evaluation: Stop the fluid pair activity and model giving compliments that use the past tense: I appreciated the way you helped return papers to the class yesterday or I loved the food you cooked for our class party last week. Write these forms on the board, underlining the time expression. Write some of the compliments students gave each other that use the same verbs in the present tense. Underline the verbs. Have students induce the rule. Include auxiliaries in the past, particularly in question formation. Play Alibi. Have two students leave the room, pretending to be suspects of a crime. Model the types of questions students could ask of a suspect, writing some patterns on the board. One suspect returns when called and students ask questions about his or her whereabouts at the time of the crime. When they have exhausted the questioning possibilities, the first student again leaves the room and the second is asked the same questions to see if their alibis match. Pay attention to students use o f the past tense. Are they able to use it correctly? Note any irregular verbs for which students have overgeneralized the rule for putting in the past tense. Present patterns for types of irregular past tense verbs that students have used in Alibi. If students have used these and overgeneralized, present categories like feel-felt, steal-stole, bring-brought and begin-began. Preview Llama and the Great Flood by talking about legends and folk tales in other cultures, finding Peru on a map, etc. Read it aloud, leaving out regular and irregular verbs the students have just studied in the past tense. Ask them to supply those verbs. Cue them with the present tense of the verb. Listen to the students. Are they able to supply the correct form of the verb in the simple past tense? If other irregular forms have come up in the folktale, present these exceptions to the rule. Show students a personal photo of some interesting past event. Describe it using the simple past tense. Have the students write a short description of their own photo in the simple past. In pairs, they will share their description and photo with another class member. Contingency plan: If some students have forgotten photos, have them imagine the scene of a photo they have at home. Listen to the pairs practice. Are the students able to use the past tense fluently and accurately? Note any new irregular past tense forms that come up. If other irregular verb forms have come up in the descriptions of photos, present those exceptions to the rule. If not, I will not present any new material at this time. Although this activity provides more practice, it is primarily intended to evaluate students learning. Post six pieces of 11 x 17 paper around the room. Each page has a different sentence prompt on it. These include: When I was a child. . . , When I first started to learn English. . . , Last week. . . , After my last birthday . . . , Yesterday. . . , and This morning . . . . In teams of three, each team with a different colored marker, students go around the room to the various papers and write narrative endings to these prompts. To correct serious errors, send a student from a team that is doing that aspect of the activity correctly to help the struggling team for a moment. Note the names of team members using particular colors and examine the papers after class to see which students are struggling with the forms. If students have again overgeneralized the rule for the simple past in other categories of verbs, present those verbs to them. Allow students to add to the sheets of paper with prompts on them using the irregular verbs they have just learned. Pay attention to how students are forming all past forms, particularly the irregular ones. Again, note who is struggling by identifying teams using particular colored markers. Application: Assign students to find a picture from a magazine or book of a fashionable item of clothing people wore in the past. It can be from any time period in the past, whether the nineteen sixties in the U.S. or the fifteenth century in their own countries. Students will show the class the picture of this clothing, tell who wore it, in what time period, and in what place. They must also tell the class for what occasions they believe the clothing was worn, and any other information they know or have found out about the clothing. Finally, they should tell the class whether or not they would like to wear it, and where and when they would wear it. Self-evaluation: This lesson is too long and has too little focus on narratives to really be effective. I have underestimated the time required for students to induce rules, be able to apply them in the story, and especially write and then tell their own past narrative about a photograph. I dont want to have to rush that; Im hoping it will be interesting and important enough to them that they will want to tell the full story, and tell it well. I have decided that although Alibi is a good game for practice of the past tense, it doesnt belong in this lesson. It can come in a later lesson.

Sybolism Of The Overcoat Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Symbolism- a literary device used frequently to contribute to the complexity of a work. In â€Å"The Overcoat†, by Nikolay Gogol, uses symbolism throughout this entire work. He uses the old dressing gown to represent his old life, and the new overcoat to represent his new life. The symbols affect the plot and the characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The old dressing gown represents his old life. It is plain as is Akaky Akakievich. He never does anything even halfway exciting. Most of the time he sits around copying things to practice for his job, which is by coincidence being a copier. The old coat is boring and so is Akaky Akakievich. His agenda is normally get up and go to work and then come back home and go to bed. The old coat is about to fall apart as is Akaky Akakievich. However, he is about to fall apart mentally the coat is falling apart physically. Akaky Akakievich is going to fall apart mentally due to the extreme amounts of teasing he endures at work from all of his colleagues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The new overcoat represents his new life. This new coat is shiny and polished up and makes people respond to Akaky Akakievich now. The way people respond to him is a warmer more comfortable way. Just as the coat is too him, warm and comfortable. Akaky’s promotion may have to do with the fact that his new overcoat cost a lot of money and a more important position is cause for a more respectful look. The new overcoat may have been ...